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Beta-amyloid deposition and Alzheimer's type changes induced by Borrelia spirochetes
Judith Miklossya, b , Andras Kisc, Alexandra Radenovicc, Lisa Millerd, Laszlo Forroc, Ralph Martinse, Krzysztof Reissf, Nune Darbinianf, Pushpa Darekarb, Laszlo Mihalyg and Kamel Khalilif
a) Kinsmen Laboratory of Neurological Research, University of British Columbia, 2255 Wesbrook Mall, Vancouver, BC, Canada V6T 1Z3
b)
University Institute of Pathology, Division of Neuropathology, University Medical School (CHUV), 1011 Lausanne, Switzerland
c) Department of Physics, Swiss Federal Institute of Technology, CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
d) National Synchrotron Light Source, Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, NY 11973-5000, USA
e) Sir James McCusker Alzheimer's Disease Research Unit, School of Psychiatry and Clinical Neurosciences, University of Western Australia, Hollywood Private Hospital, Perth, WA, Australia
f) Center for Neurovirology and Cancer Biology, College of Science and Technology, Temple University, 1900 North 12th Street, Philadelphia, PA 19122, USA
g) Stony Brook University, Department of Physics and Astronomy, Stony Brook, NY 11794-3800, USA
Received 19 July 2004; revised 4 January 2005; accepted 26 January 2005.
Full Text Available online 13 May 2005.
Abstract
The pathological hallmarks of Alzheimer's disease (AD) consist of β-amyloid plaques and neurofibrillary tangles in affected brain areas. The processes, which drive this host reaction are unknown. To determine whether an analogous host reaction to that occurring in AD could be induced by infectious agents, we exposed mammalian glial and neuronal cells in vitro to Borrelia burgdorferi spirochetes and to the inflammatory bacterial lipopolysaccharide (LPS). Morphological changes analogous to the amyloid deposits of AD brain were observed following 2–8 weeks of exposure to the spirochetes. Increased levels of β-amyloid presursor protein (AβPP) and hyperphosphorylated tau were also detected by Western blots of extracts of cultured cells that had been treated with spirochetes or LPS. These observations indicate that, by exposure to bacteria or to their toxic products, host responses similar in nature to those observed in AD may be induced.
Full Text Available online
Keywords: Alzheimer's disease; Hyperphosphorylated tau; Neurofibrillary tangles; Amyloid precursor protein; Granulovacuolar degeneration
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